MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620" This document is a Single File Web Page, also known as a Web Archive file. If you are seeing this message, your browser or editor doesn't support Web Archive files. Please download a browser that supports Web Archive, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer. ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST): =3D 0), isMac =3D (app= Ver.indexOf("Macintosh") >=3D 0) if( msie >=3D 0 ) ver =3D parseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf ( ";", msie = ) ) ) else ver =3D parseInt( appVer ) browserSupported=3D0 if( !isMac && ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 ) { browserSupported=3D1 window.location.replace( 'Geoffrey_Baruch_files/frame.htm'+document.locat= ion.hash ) } =09 //-->

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------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/pres.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0003.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):


= Implementing and evaluating Multisystemic Therapy with families of persist= ent young offenders in the UK: Initial reflections and observations from a long-term trial

= Geoffrey Baruch
The Brandon Centre <= /span>
=
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0004.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
Ou= tline of Presentation
•What is MST?
•MST and the evidence base
•Details and goals of the Brando= n Centre (London) MST trial <= /span>
•Parent and youth views of MST <= /span>
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0021.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
What is MST?
P= rimary goals
• = MST is a therapy developed in the US whose primary goals are to:
•<= /span>Reduce youth criminal activity= 3;
•Reduce other types of antisocial = behavior such as drug abuse <= /span>
•Achieve these outcomes at cost savings by decreasing rates of incarceration and out-of-home placements
The MST model targets youth at the highest risk of being placed outside their home and community due to their problem behaviors. By developing an effective program to treat these youth and their families in the community, MST will reduce the overall cost of services by reducing the number of days spent = in the most expensive (least effective) out-of-home placements.

Although one might argue for the clinical effectiveness with youths exhibiting less serious behaviors, the cost-effectiveness would be significantly reduced = if the youth’s behaviors would likely not result in placement.<= br>
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0052.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
What is MST?
=  Theoretical Assumptions
• Based on Bronfenbrenner, Hal= ey, and M= inuchin
•<= /span>Children and adolescents are embedded in multiple systems that= have direct and indirect influences on= their behavior.
•<= /span>Influences are reciprocal and bi-= directional
•
The key concept here is that behavior is multidetermined, that is, the characteristics of the individual represent one of many influences on hum= an behavior.  Behavior is also determined by the influences of those persons with whom the youth interac= ts in day-to-day life.

The youth also influences others in the environment making the influence bi-directional.

For example: We may initially identify a parent as very permissive in parenti= ng but later learn that parenting was generally successful until the youth became violent and aggressive to the parent, causing the parent to withdr= aw and become permissive.

------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0054.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
Long-term influence of systems
on the child=
Child
Family
Peers
School
Neighborhood
Treatment Providers
This graphic demonstrates the various systems that influence youth behavior and the relative power of that influence.&nb= sp; Much of this is common sense in that the systems that play a great= er role (quality and quantity of time spent) have more long-term influence.<= /font>

Bronfrenbrinner used a graphic similar to this, only the outer ring had the term “community”  Thi= s was changed for this presentation to illustrate that we as service providers = are part of the least influential system in the life of the youth.

MST seeks to build the strength of the natural systems that are most influent= ial on a youth’s behavior and therefore places a lower emphasis on the relationship between the therapist and the youth.

The most critical therapeutic relationship is between the therapist and the parent= or parental figure who manages the family -- the most powerful influence on = the youth’s behavior.

Relations between systems indirectly predict behavior (e.g., mum-teacher; parent-peer’s parent, etc.)
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charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
What is MST?
Empirical basis: Systemic causes of
youth offending
Conden= sed Longitudinal Model
Fami= ly
Scho= ol
Delinquent
Peers
Delinquent
Behavior
Prior Delinquent
Behavior
Low Parental Monitoring=
Low Affection
High Conflict
Low School Involvement&= #13;
Poor Academic Performan= ce
Elliott, Huizinga & Ageton (1985)<= /i>
-
-
+
+
This graphic represents a type of research that measures predictors of various types of behaviors.  Low par= ental monitoring, low affection and warmth, high conflict, low school involveme= nt, poor academic performance, and association with delinquent peers are known risk factors with prior delinquency for delinquent behaviour. By reducing these risk factors  the probability of delinquency re-occurring can be reduced.
The most practical predictor of delinquent behavior is the association with peers = who also participate in the same behavior.
Family and School factors predict who the peer group will be.  Problems at school or at home in= crease the probability of association with peers who participate in antisocial behaviors.
MST places the highest priority on solving family and school problems to incr= ease the potential for successful integration with a pro-social peer group, and decrease time spent with antisocial peers.
MST does not use a manual but is based on 9 key principles, a methodology for determining the overarching goals of treatment and guiding weekly treatme= nt goals and reviewing their outcome. An MST intervention will draw on a men= u of existing evidence-based treatments to achieve treatment goals. It involves helping parents develop useful skills and strategies, helping them to overcome barriers to developing these skills and strategies and draw on informal sources of support in the wider community
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What is MST?
The interven= tion (Hengeller et al 1998)
•Size of licensed team : 3-4 therapists, = supervisor, administrator
•Training and treatment adherence: 1 week training, quarterly booster, wee= kly consult.
•Case load: 3-5 families per therapist, 35-50 <= /span>per team per annum (cost=3D£250,000 pa)
<= span style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:88%'>•Therapist availability: 24 hours/7 days
<= span style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:88%'>•Site of intervention: home & community
•Intensity & length of intervention: 3 visits per = week plus ‘phone contact o= ver 3-5 months 
•Nature of interventions: pragmatic, evidence-based, goal driven, overcoming b= arriers to goals
Therapists will usually have experience working with high risk families in the community, particularly families of young offenders; have a background in psychology and at least be acquainted with cbt interventions, systemic fa= mily therapy
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0050.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
MST: 9 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
•1. The primary purpose of assessment is to understand <= /span>the “fit” between the identified problems and their = broader context.
•2. Therapeutic contacts should emphasize the positive and should use systemic strengths as levers for change.
•3. Interventions should be designed to promote responsible behaviour and decrease irresponsible behaviour among family members.
•4. Interventions should be present-focused and action-oriented, targeting specific and well-defined problems.
•5. Interventions should target sequences of behaviour within or bet= ween multiple systems that maintain the identified problems.
•
1.Offending with delinquent friends after school=3Dproblem; lone mother forced by company to work overtime otherwis= e will lose job so can’t be at home after school=3D fit with broader conte= xt
2.Teenager is good at and likes football = but has stopped playing for a local team as he became involved with delinquent pe= ers.
4. Helping a mother put a lock on her bedroom door so that she can allow her= son to be at home when she is out in the evening without having to worry that= her possessions will be stolen by son’s delinquent peers, also allows s= on to keep his possessions under lock and key so they won’t be stolen. Trust between mother and son is increased and son is off the street and therefore less likely to offend.
5. See 4. Mum doesn’t trust son; mum locks son out of house, son associates with delinquent peers, son engages in criminal activity; further deterioration of trust between mother and son etc
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0051.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
MST: 9 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
•6. Interventions should be developmentally appropriate = and fit the developmental needs of the young person.
•7. Interventions should be designed to require daily or weekly effort= by family members.
•8. Intervention efficacy is evaluated continuously from = multiple perspectives with providers assuming accountability for overcoming barriers to successful outcomes.
•9. Interventions should be designed to promote treatment generalization and long-term maintenance of therapeutic change by empowering caregivers to address family members’ n= eeds across multiple systemic contexts.
•
8. Important principle, refers to the MST analytic process and a significant aspect of MST ethos:
Treatment is guided by analytic process: setting over arching goals by parent, teen= ager and anyone else significant in the ecology e.g. grandparent, youth offend= ing officer, intermediary goals toward overarching goals targeting drivers of problem behaviour derived from fit circle analysis; submission of paper w= ork on a weekly basis describing interventions, whether intermediary goal is = met, barriers in the way of intermediary goal; adjustment of intermediary goal= s, till overarching goals are met; barrier to treatment is not due to family resistance, rather due to MST team not yet having identified method to overcome barriers.
9. Because treatment ends after 3 to 5 months and parents/caregivers need to= be able to maintain changes achieved.
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0055.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
Envir= onment of Alignment and Engagement
of Fa= mily and Key Participants
Measure
Re-evaluate
Prioritize
Do
Inter= mediary
Goals=
Inter= vention
Devel= opment
MST Conceptualization
of “Fit”
Asses= sment of
Advan= ces & Barriers to
Inter= vention Effectiveness
Inter= vention
Imple= mentation
MST&= #13;
Anal= ytical
Proc= ess
Refer= ral
Behav= ior
Overa= rching
Goals=
Desir= ed Outcomes
of Fa= mily and Other
Key Participants
Referral Behavior
• Clear behavioral description
  (e.g. systems affected, frequenc= y, intensity, duration)
Desired Outcomes of Family and Key Participants
• All key participants are identi= fied
• Outcomes written from participant&#= 8217;s perspective
Overarching Goals
• Connected to referral behavior<= br>
• Achieve identified outcomes
• Guide direction of treatment
• Specific enough to establish terminati= on criteria
   understandable to an o= utside observer
MST Conceptualization of “Fit”
• Understanding how behavior makes sense= - “What’s the Fit?”
• Fit Circle: fit factors & evidence= - “Where’s the evidence?”
• Develop hypotheses & prioritize (t= his also occurs throughout process)
Intermediary Goals
• Contributes to achieving Overarching G= oals
• Targets most immediate powerful driver= s of behavior
• Attainable in days or weeks
• Simultaneous & sequential steps
Intervention Development - who, what, when and how to make change happen
• Consistent with Nine MST Principles
• Targets most immediate powerful driver= s of behavior
• Interventions prioritized
• Measurement strategy identified=
Intervention Implementation
• Empirically validated methods
• Builds on strengths
• Tests hypotheses
• Measures Collected
Assessment of Advances & Barriers
• Specific to interventions implemented<= /font>
• Supports or refutes one or more hypoth= eses
• Advances: record steps completed succe= ssfully
• Barriers: identify specific factors wh= ich prevented
   successful completion of o= ne or more steps
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uTeI5pymSZvTRZyVSYLV2S3EF4VK+JzByZ0eGJ0uKZrhuWPjOTWeeZ6oKZwg6J2syZ7t/yme1+lV 6Gae9Lmd85l9hnlw+VkvmLl7pgig2hmVe7ia1AaboFmCqpd88rKg8mmh8Ok1PIdzEcqAE7pzN+if 6MmggkWZ93lwHUp+jAl3RKigIhqgMMouFAp2BFqgE4ZVsgl5MfqiGIpdAyhC8KCbNnpv6zCjhfmf JMqjKAeBG6oSQjqkHXJ5gCegPbqjLopmCVqcTpqifDd+RlpOP5qkVyqmhuag2LilUGp9jndJLUqm F6qkaNOm35lDpteWeWRkn5iZ2SeLgJJXU+qmr4d2A+o/xNcmXIo1a5ijZLIeH2KoSWanheFNZnpp J9h4fhoRTFmDaqengdenhvqWGpepFv8lp+8HZ0kpQQU5J8+oIFj3pyzDpLyGqgtpm6KqN9/Vf4j6 P36aqocSN7y6p4iqX5NalDsEqmrkOINGqYr6mV7HO7t6lb2aHKl6dE6KYGLXkbL6lW71Hsb6N3IH TzdGiM9qODOBrNsYiX83T092QJ8KJSZKRObqN+UpSqUZguPwbL/mbLanMNKqKtdBnb7gqhmKrpMm l032Nan0R2k3cPsaNzWHsGqisPeaWrtKcxArMuzmZtEyrtSqqttER8e5rJY0rpdDqmfHrf6qnvu2 se1KrnrYrxPJKV/aTCSLciirrW12nNgaRr96qk0ZpaFXs2YVr+MIcg4htNFzsS15Iyf/I19IO3Q3 q5Ld2bT28LQv+7Ge1rQvhbRsRLRLC6M0UzAt+7Uh5KvQyhpUi2WQekfdCkhr6xLUmG1U0C6QuTzO ULdEkbULwKckhre/Y1x+uxP8NbcpEbi3c7eGixMYhy1ml7i1M1COiz0HWAmHmqaHwLhj+qaZi6RX 9SqW+1zzYaWAOqKaC1LGULmf+xajUrqsy7n/mSipu1AhUK+tS7qua7syAiexq09WIrq167u3a5tH sruOdBfRB6ejC7y4exzSQLx2oxwairy/W6XMMiJK47zgYr0RQ73SG7wpo717i70Gph58673du7xD 5CJ6gLr/p75K0J+bi77nO2PuOxXsH3uL9dsVJqu8/Mu9sgcXOiu+8LYMb1vABnzAC4IECQAAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/slide0026.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST):
MST Evidence-Base: Persuasive findings
•Hengeller et al.1992: MST vs. Usual Services
–MST reduces offending, incarceration among violent and chronic juvenile off= enders (At 59 = week post-referral follow-up MST cases in custody for means of 5.8 weeks vs. US 16.2 weeks, plus significantly fewer arrests)
•Borduin et al (1995, 2005): MST reduces offending among chronic juvenile offenders p= ost-treatment and years later    =
–4 yrs, 22% MST vs 71% Individual Therapy
–13.7 years, 50% MST vs 81% IT 
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Brandon Centre MST Trial
•Trial is run in partnersh= ip with Haringey and Cam= den YOS
•Over a period of 5.5 years up to 220 = persistent yo= ung offenders (aged 13-16) and their parent(s)/carer(s) random= ly allocated either to a group receiving MST and YOS services as u= sual or to a group receiving services as usual without MST  
•Majority of funding Atlantic Philanthropies, = Tudor Trust, = also a small contribution from YJB. DoH funding final 2 years of trial
•Evaluation directed by Sub-dept of Clinical <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:87.0%;left:12.17%;width:79.4%;height:6.0%'>= Health Psychology, University College London
•
•
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Goals of the Brandon Centre
= MST trial
•1st UK randomised control trial of MST: Will MST be more effective than current services <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:31.75%;left:13.1%;width:89.32%;height:6.0%'= >in reducing persistent youth off= ending in an u= rban, British setting?
•Change Mechanisms: What areas of the young person and their family wi= ll improve w= ith MST?
•Response to treatment: Are there qualities of the youth & parent that infl= uence the degree to which MST works?
•Delivery of treatment: Will MST be effective = when given by trained therapists= that were n= ot involved in its development?
•
•
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Re= search Design
•Randomised clinical trial for young people aged 13 to 16 on a court ordered referral o= rder or supervision order
•Pre/post measures re: individual, family and = psychosocial “risks”=
•<= /span>Follow-up of offending: 6/12/24/= 36 months
•Follow-up of custodial sentences
•<= /span>School adjustment e.g. attendanc= e
•<= /span>Parents’ &= ; young person’s experience of MST
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Unheard Voices: Parent and Adolescents’ Experiences o= f MST
•Lucy Casagli’s qualitative study for her DClinPsy
•Interviewed 10 parent-adolescent pairs (separately) about their experiences of MST, = taped these = interviews, analysed them for main themes
•Families contacted 1-4 months after finishing MST, which they received, on average,= for 5 months
•Pairs: range of ethnicities, 9 mothers, 1 father, 8 sons 2 daughters.  Low levels of income, educ. attai= nment, and mostly unemployed as per overall sample.
•Findings: themes grouped: process of receiving MST and what parents/YP felt changed= or didn’t change 
•Findings consistent with first qualitative study by Stephanie Lawrie, bringing sampl= e of about 20 parents and 15 young people interviewed overall
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Main Findings: Taking part in MST
•Young people & parents describe overcoming initial hurdles to adjust to MST= (e.g. intensity o= f the intervention)
•Young people & parents placed high value on = their relationship with the therapist
•For some parents, MST was a positive antidote to earlier negative experiences with professionals
•On the whole, parents felt supported not blamed; young people felt heard,= not judged a= nd punished
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Process of taking part in MST (cont’d)
= 226;Some uncertainty over the degree= to which y= oung people were actively involved &#= 8226;Some parents with (-) views thou= ght limited = involvement of their child was a problem •Young person felt being listened= to essential f= or their participation (e.g., contracts) •Liked being heard and then therapist acting as a go-between with their paren= t(s)
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Parent: Hurdles of engagement  
•The first time really, I don’t like…it feels like a bit of a hassle…they come three times a week …I have a lot of pressure of my son and then again when they come and talk to me.
•“I fought it the first few weeks.  I thought to myself, “Oh God, it’s not going to work,”…but <= /span>its over months…you start seeing maybe little changes and then a bigger change…I think what encouraged me to carryon with it was the fact t= hat it was working for me.
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YP: Hurdles of Engagement
•Didn’t think it was going to do a thing… thought it w= as going to be waste of time
•Thought it w= ould be like boot camp!
•I used to get angry about it… and say (therapist), I hate her and her dumb contract, but when I think about it its much bette= r, I earned a lot of money…it helped a lot, for my mum as well…it’s a smart contract when I think about = it (laughs).  Before I just hated it.
•
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Parent: Therapist as source of support
•I just felt like I had somebody on my side, she really was= on my side and like if I had meetings to go to, she’d be ther= e to support me • I was totally honest with (her), b= ecause I trusted her and could talk to her.  If I lost it I’d tell her a= nd then she’d make me aware of where I’d gone wrong and I could correct that
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Young Person: Therapist as support for Mum and as Go-Between
•I think Mum really needed someone to talk to as well…with (her) coming here, because she’s a different kind of person &= #13;•She spoke to= my Mum for a lot of things that made my Mum feel better <= /span>•(Therapist) would talk to my Mum and tell her to get the agreement, then it’ll help make me come in on t= ime, so like (therapist) would understand that
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Parent: MST Therapist providing a different experience
•(Son) didn’t feel = like that (her) made him feel like he was mad…normally he wanted nothing to do wit= h therapists…but it wasn’t like that with (therapist)…didn’t feel threatened…= ;she = was very easy to talk to.
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Young Person: MST therapists providing a different experience=
•Don’t think they judge a book by i= ts cover… they’ll listen to what you say, gi= ve a nicer approach
•If she’s got something to tell you…She’s l= ike one of those people who’ll be like “I tried my = best but I ain’t promising”, and like I reckon in = ways I trust= ed her.
•Having someone to talk to about personal= things…= ;thought it was brilliant. I just loved it, rather than having to talk to 6 different people a week.<= /span>
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Parent: Complications of involving the young person
•It was us against (daughter) again and its how it came across…I think it se= ems we were actually ganging up on her…it re= ally hard to change that actual first impression = •…I j= ust think that he can probably only talk to or communi= cate with somebody that he probably feels on the same level…= ;he couldn’t relate to her.
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Main Findings: MST outcomes from Parent viewpoint
••<= span style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:88%'>•••Mixed reports on behaviour change. Some see decrease in delinquency, others reported <= /span>disappointments and conce= rns that these  
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MST Outcomes from Young Person’s viewpoint<= /span>
&#= 8226;starting to think about their behaviour, c= hanging their behaviour  =
•Feeling closer to their parent(s)
•Thinking about Mum/Dad
<= span style=3D'font-family:Arial;font-size:88%'>•Mum/Dad becoming more like parent(s)
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Parent outcomes: Opening my eyes to the problem
•I realised that not only did (son) have to change but I had to change as well… •It just op= ened my eyes like how could you not see that, but when you’re in it = you don’t’ •In one sense it sort of opened my eyes and gave me a = hell of a lot of experience, do I need the experience? Probably not as i= t si not going to do me any good.
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Parent outcomes: Becoming a more confident parent
•I am a lot stronger than what I used to be… my confide= nce has gone up.  I just feel tha= t I can cope w= ith things better. •I gained that how I cope with things… before I <= /span>was crying= a lot…because I couldn’t cope.&= nbsp; Now I start to go out with my friends…now I comb my hair…it is very necessary because I have anoth= er kid to look after.
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YP outcomes: Mum/Dad becoming more of a parent…
•I think he j= ust got more confidence…he used to shout at anything, but now he’s more laid back and can just sit there and be like…leave = it alone.= 3;•I think my m= um was on the verge of giving up, she couldn’t really be bothered and we’d just argue and I’d explode but now its = much better…I’d say that my Mum’s got more = = confidence
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Parent Outcomes: Closer relationship
•Like if something keeps bothering him…you know he would say to me instead of keeping it in…yeah, we communicate more now •= I talk to him when he comes home from school everyday.  Before I couldn’t be bothered cos I just used= to feel so angry with him all the time
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YP Outcomes: A Closer Relationship
•Most important thing was the communication with my mum, that’s all I really wanted to do, communicate = with my mum more. So that instead of sneaking behind her back…
•She’ll talk to me more…she just easier to chat <= /i>to and like = she listens…(before) me and her didn’t= ’ talk
•Before she used to be hard, if I used to ask her a questi= ons she said “what!” (angrily) Now its like “yes love” rather that stuff …
•
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Parent Outcomes: Applying parenting skills
•I mean I’ve laid down boundaries before but I never stuc= k to them…but with this its almost an everyday thing now •It’s letting her get you into that argument. So that you s= ay something and she’ll say, “oh but”= …which ends up in a slanging match. But now I’m more in control and say, “that’s it, I ain’t gonna talk about it, go away.”
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YP Outcomes: Thinking about Mum/Dad
= •I didn’t’ know= she wanted me to listen so much, well now I realise so I thought yeah I should listen…= ;all of the suffering that she’s gone through…I thought “I= shouldn’t make it worse”… = •You think…look how worried your Dad is. And like, now I am in the house more often, I ring my dad when I’m out…
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Parent Outcomes: Improving their Teens Behaviour-A Mixed Picture<= /span>
•= It was really bad…, phone calls and at police stations…that’s all gone
•= I think he is on the right road to a good future.  I feel positive about that.  He’s going back to school.= 3;
•= He used to have a massive problem with knives, but that has completely gone…
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A = Mixed Picture…(cont’d)
•I hope like that some miracle was goin= g to happen and suddenly he was going to stop… he’s back standing on the street and seeing the same friends..
•…she’s sort of saying all these things, coming  up with all these ideas and not putting them into place
•Her behaviour got progressively worse = instead of better…we triggered something but it was negative rather than positive
•
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Im= plications
•For MST
-Importance of therapeutic relationship; experience of MST seemed dependent on; = positive effect on ‘relati= onship to help’
-Importance of involving young person in MST; young person feeling heard
-For all anti= social behaviour research trials
-Think about outcomes as encompassing more than just behaviour change
-Consider protective factors such as increased empathy, parent-child communication, = authoritative parenting
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Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
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Fifth level
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The MST model = targets youth at the highest risk of being placed outside their home and community due to their problem behaviors. By develop= ing an effective program to treat these youth and their families in the community, MST will reduce the o= verall cost of services by reducing the number of days = spent in the most expensive (least effective) out-of-home placements.
Although one might argue for the clinical effectiveness= with youths exhibiting less serious behaviors, the cost-effectiveness would be significantly reduced if the youth’s behaviors would likely not result in placement.
The key concep= t here is that behavior is multidetermined, that is, the characteristics of t= he individual represent one of many influences on human behavior.  Behavior is also determined by the influences of those persons with whom the youth interacts in day-to-day life.
The youth also influences others in the environment mak= ing the influence bi-directional.
For example: We may initially identify a parent as very permissive in parenting but later learn that par= enting was generally successful until the youth became violent and aggressive to the parent, causing the parent to withdraw and become permissive.
This graphic demonstrates the various systems that influence youth behavior and the relative power of that influence.  Much of this is common sense in t= hat the systems that play a greater role (quality and quantity of= time spent) have more long-term influence.
Bronfrenbrinner used a graphic similar to this, only the outer ring had the term “community”<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  This was changed for this present= ation to illustrate that we as service providers are p= art of the least influential system in the life of the youth.
MST seeks to build the strength of the natural systems = that are most influential on a youth’s behavior= and therefore places a lower emphasis on the relatio= nship between the therapist and the youth.
The most critical therapeutic relationship is between t= he therapist and the parent or parental figure who manages the family -- the most powerful influenc= e on the youth’s behavior.
Relations between systems indirectly predict behavior (= e.g., mum-teacher; parent-peer’s parent, etc.)
This graphic r= epresents a type of research that measures predictors of various types of behaviors.  Low parental monitoring, low affection and warmth, high conflict, low school involvement, poor academic performance, and association = with delinquent peers are known risk factors with prior delin= quency for delinquent behaviour. By reducing these risk factors  the probability of delinquency re-occurring c= an be reduced. The = most practical predictor of delinquent behavior is the association with = peers who also participate in the same behavior. <= span lang=3DEN-US>Family and School factors predict who the peer group will be.=   Problems at school or at home increase the probability of association with peers who <= span lang=3DEN-US>participate in antisocial behaviors. MST places the highest priority on solving family and school problems to increase the potential for successful integration with a pro-= social peer group, and decrease time spent with antisoc= ial peers. MST does not use a manual but is base= d on 9 key principles, a methodology for determining the overarching goals of treatment and guiding weekly treatment goals and reviewing their outcome. An MST intervention will draw on a menu of existing evidence-based treatments to achieve treatment goals. It involves helping parents dev= elop useful skills and strategies, helping them to ov= ercome barriers to developing these skills and strategies and draw on informal sources of support in the wider community
Therapists will usually have expe= rience working with high risk families in the community, particularly families of young offenders; have a background in psychology and at least be acquainted with cbt interventions, systemic family therapy
1.Offending with delinquent friends after school=3Dproblem; lone mother forced by company t= o work overtime otherwise will lose job so can’t be at home after school=3D= fit with broader context
2.Teenager is good at and likes football but has stopped playing for a local team as he became involved with delinquent peers.
4. Helping a mother put a= lock on her bedroom door so that she can allow her son to be at home when she is o= ut in the evening without having to worry that her possessions will be stolen= by son’s delinquent peers, also allows son to keep his possessions under lock and key so they won’t be stolen. Trust between mother and son is increased and son is off the street and therefore less likely to offend.&#= 13;
5. See 4. Mum doesn’= ;t trust son; mum locks son out of house, son associates with delinquent peers, son engages in criminal activity; further deterioration of trust between mother and son etc
8. Important principle, refers to= the MST analytic process and a significant aspect of MST ethos: Treatment is guided by analytic process: setting over arching goals by parent, teenager= and anyone else significant in the ecology e.g. grandparent, youth offending officer, intermediary goals toward overarching goals targeting drivers of problem behaviour derived from fit circle analysis; submission of paper wo= rk on a weekly basis describing interventions, whether intermediary goal is m= et, barriers in the way of intermediary goal; adjustment of intermediary goals, till overarching goals are met; barrier to treatment is not due to family resistance, rather due to MST team not yet having identified method to overcome barriers. 9. Because treatment ends after 3 to 5 months and parents/caregivers need to be able to maintain changes achieved.
Referral Behavior <= /b>
• Clear behavioral description
  (e.g. systems affected, frequency, intensity, duration)
Desired Outcomes of Fam= ily and Key Participants
• All key participants are identified
• Outc= omes written from particip= ant’s perspective
Overarching Goals
• Conn= ected to referral behavior
• Achi= eve identified outcomes
• Guide direction of treatment
• Spec= ific enough to establish termination criteria
   understandable to an outside observer <= /div>
MST Conceptualization of “Fit”
• Understanding how behavior makes s= ense - “What’s the Fit?”
• Fit = Circle: fit factors & evidence - “Where’s the evidence?” = ;
• Deve= lop hypotheses & prioritize (this also occurs throughout process)
Intermediary Goals =
• Cont= ributes to achieving Overarching Goals
• Targ= ets most immediate powerful drivers of behavior
• Atta= inable in days or weeks
• Simu= ltaneous & sequential steps
Intervention Development - w= ho, what, when and how to make change happen
• Cons= istent with Nine MST Principles
• Targ= ets most immediate powerful drivers of behavior
• Interventions prioritized
• Meas= urement strategy identified
Intervention Implementa= tion
• Empi= rically validated methods
• Buil= ds on strengths
• Tests hypotheses
• Meas= ures Collected
Assessment of Advances = & Barriers =
• Spec= ific to interventions implemented
• Supp= orts or refutes one or more hypotheses
• Adva= nces: record steps completed successfully
• Barr= iers: identify specific factors which prevented
   successful completion of on= e or more steps
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Q0NDRkYgIWltcG9ydGFudDt9DQphOmFjdGl2ZQ0KCXtjb2xvcjojMzMzM0NDICFpbXBvcnRhbnQ7 fQ0KYTp2aXNpdGVkDQoJe2NvbG9yOiNCMkIyQjIgIWltcG9ydGFudDt9DQp= ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/script.js Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: application/javascript; charset="us-ascii" function LoadSld() { var sld=3DGetObj("SlideObj") if( !g_supportsPPTHTML ) { =09 sld.style.visibility=3D"visible" return } if( MakeNotesVis() ) return runAnimations =3D _InitAnimations(); =09 if( IsWin("PPTSld") ) parent.SldUpdated(GetSldId()) g_origSz=3DparseInt(SlideObj.style.fontSize) g_origH=3Dsld.style.posHeight g_origW=3Dsld.style.posWidth g_scaleHyperlinks=3D(document.all.tags("AREA").length>0) if( g_scaleHyperlinks ) InitHLinkArray() if( g_scaleInFrame||(IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) ) document.body.scroll=3D"no" _RSW() if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) FullScrInit(); =09 MakeSldVis(); ChkAutoAdv() if( runAnimations ) { if( document.all("NSPlay") ) document.all("NSPlay").autoStart =3D false; if( sld.filters && sld.filters.revealtrans ) setTimeout( "document.body.start()", sld.filters.revealtrans.duration * = 1000 ); else document.body.start(); } } function MakeSldVis()=20 { var fTrans=3Dg_showAnimation && SldHasTrans() if( fTrans )=09 { if( g_bgSound ) { idx=3Dg_bgSound.indexOf(","); pptSound.src=3Dg_bgSound.substr( 0, idx ); pptSound.loop=3D -(parseInt(g_bgSound.substr(idx+1))); } SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Apply()=09 } SlideObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" if( fTrans ) SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Play() } function MakeNotesVis()=20 { if( !IsNts() ) return false=20 SlideObj.style.display=3D"none" nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj") parent.SetHasNts(0) if( nObj ) {=20 nObj.style.display=3D"" parent.SetHasNts(1) } return 1 } function ChkAutoAdv() { if(SldHasTrans()) SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv else AutoAdv() } function AutoAdv() { if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return var sld=3DGetCurSld() if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay) } function GetObj(id) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id); else return document.getElementById(id); } function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; } function GetSldId()=20 { var regExp =3D /file:\/\/\//i var pos =3D location.href.search(regExp) if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "" && pos !=3D -1) sId =3D location.href.substring(pos) else { sId =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(location.href); var regExp =3D /\// var fixedHref =3D sId var pos =3D -1 =09 pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp) while (pos !=3D -1) { fixedHref =3D fixedHref.replace(regExp, "\\") pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp) } =09 if (g_fBaseHyperlink =3D=3D true) sId =3D "file:///" + fixedHref; else sId =3D fixedHref.substring(fixedHref.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1) } =09 return sId } function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx= tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl= e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false } function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name } function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") } function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) } function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"= && navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) } function SupportsPPTHTML() { var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0 if( msie >=3D 0 ) ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) ) else ver=3DparseInt(appVer) return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 ) } function _RSW() { if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() || ( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) ) return var padding=3D0; if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6 cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor ) factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH newSize =3D g_origSz * factor if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1 s=3DSlideObj.style s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px" s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2 s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2 if( g_scaleHyperlinks ) ScaleHyperlinks( factor ) } function _InitAnimations() { animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined'; isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode(); g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc= reen && parent.IsSldVisited()); if( g_animUseRuntime ) { collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq"); if( collSeq !=3D null ) { for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds ) gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds; if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) { if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 ) gSldJumpIdx =3D 1; var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx); gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D ""; win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref ) } } } function _KDH() { if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) { event.returnValue =3D 0; parent.GoToPrevSld(); } } function DocumentOnClick() { if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return; if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) || (event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) ) parent.GoToNextSld(); } var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""= , g_bgSound=3D"", g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser = =3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 1; var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w= indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va= r g_animManager =3D null; var g_animUseRuntime =3D false; var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime; var g_animMainSequence =3D null; var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram= es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D36, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_= HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm"; var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO= tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML() var g_fBaseHyperlink =3D false; var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(= "slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0021.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("= slide0052.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0054.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0022.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0049.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0050.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0051.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli= de0055.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0026.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid= e0024.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide= 0039.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0075.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0= 076.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0077.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00= 56.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0057.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide005= 8.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0059.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0060= .htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0061.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0062.= htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0063.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0064.h= tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0065.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0066.ht= m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0067.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0068.htm= ",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0069.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0070.htm"= ,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0071.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0072.htm",= 1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0073.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0074.htm",1= ,-1,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) { var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i; return href.replace(regExp, "") } function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; =09 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref= )) else PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref) =09 if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)) else PPTSld.location.replace(href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('


' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '

') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii 0) { PushSldList(sldList,fEnd); gCurSld =3D 1; } else if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) { var ii =3D gSldStack.length; gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd); GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref ); } function PopSldList() { if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow) EndShow() else { gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld; gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null; gSldStack.length--; var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1]; GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref ); } } var custShowList=3Dnew Array(); /********************************************* Navigation button implementation There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn implemented as function objects. They share a similiar interface so the event handlers can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20 object without needing to know exactly=20 what type of button it is. **********************************************/ //---------------------------------- function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action ) //---------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _IBP t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE t.ChangeIcon =3D null t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _IBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.mBorderId=3D bId t.mWidth =3D w t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0 } function _IBSetA() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _IBSetI() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } } function _IBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 ) obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1 } } function _IBSetD() { =20 obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } function _IBSetE( state ) { var t=3Dthis GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible" if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) { t.mIsOn=3Dstate if( state ) t.SetInactive() else t.SetDisabled() } } function _IBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) { if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( t.ChangeIcon ) { obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId) if( t.ChangeIcon() ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth else obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth } t.SetActive() } =20 } function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState ) { var t=3Dthis SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 ) obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj= .style.posTop t.mCurState=3DnextState return obj } //----------------------------------------- function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState ) //----------------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _TBP t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE t.GetState =3D chkState t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _TBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.m_elementsId=3D oeId t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBSetA() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetI() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) } function _TBSetD() { =20 this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) this.mIsOn =3D 0 } function _TBSetE() { var t=3Dthis if( !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) else t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) {=20 if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( !t.GetState ) return if( t.GetState() ) t.SetPressed() else t.SetActive() } =20 } function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset ) { SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 ) Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset ) } function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle= ft } function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight ) { s=3Dobj.style; s.borderStyle =3D "solid" s.borderWidth =3D 1=20 s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight } function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] } function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() } function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() } function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() } function BtnOnUp() { b=3DGetBtnObj() if( b !=3D null ) b.Perform() else Upd() } function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen } function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen } function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp } function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal ) { s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style s.display=3D"none" if( fVal ) s.display=3D"" else s.display=3D"none" } function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etActive() } function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etInactive() } function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etPressed() } function _BSetA_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20 if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _BSetI_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"= THREEDFACE" var gBtnArr =3D new Array() gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan= e,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt= lPane,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN= tsPane ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.= ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To= ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n= b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld ) gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n= b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent= .FullScreen ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa= rent.FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent= .FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice= ","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration ) gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT= xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts" gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState /********************************************* Context menu implementation _CM() is the function that's hooked up to the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to show the menu, we first build it by creating DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20 within the screen area so it doesn't get clipped. Creating the DIVs using createElement() means we don't have to write out any extra HTML into the slide HTML files. **********************************************/ var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr= row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval" function ShowMenu() { BuildMenu(); var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y= =3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) ) m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth m.style.pixelTop=3Dy if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) ) m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight m.style.display=3D"" } function _CM() { if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return; if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) { ShowMenu() return false } else HideMenu() } function BuildMenu() { if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body ) mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu" mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden" var s=3DmObj.style s.position=3D"absolute" s.cursor=3D"default" s.width=3D"120px" SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black") var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj ) SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" ) iObj.style.padding=3D2 CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld ) =09 CreateSeparator( iObj ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True ) mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" } function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa= lue=3Dfalse } function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") } function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") } function Perform() { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) e.Action() else PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function ChangeClr( bg,clr ) { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) { e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg e.style.color=3Dclr } } function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) } function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() } function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();= PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() } function M_True() { return true } function M_End() { window.close( self ) } function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval ) { var e=3DCreateItem( node ) e.type=3D"menuitem" e.Action=3Daction e.IsActive=3Deval e.innerHTML=3Dtext if( !e.IsActive() ) e.style.color=3D"threedshadow" e.onclick=3DPerform e.onmouseover=3DHighlight e.onmouseout=3DDeselect s=3De.style; s.fontFamily=3DsFont s.fontSize=3D"9pt" s.paddingLeft=3D2 } function CreateSeparator( node ) { var sObj=3DCreateItem( node ) SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu") var s=3DsObj.style s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow" s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight" s.height=3D1 s.fontSize=3D"0px" } function CreateItem( node ) { var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV") node.insertBefore( elem ) return elem } function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr ) { var s=3Do.style s.backgroundColor=3D"menu" s.borderStyle=3D"solid" s.borderWidth=3D1 s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr } ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/fullscreen.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/notes_flag.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhCgAKAPcAAAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgMwENMTExPz8/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD//////ywAAAAACgAKAEAIKgDx4UNA sKDAgQUTJiCogGHDhBAfFlRAMSFCiAguTozYUGJEiAk0EhQYEAA7 ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/buttons.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhWAESAPf4AAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgAQEBISEBASEBISEhAQEhMTExAQE /KTM9Pz8/ERERPz8BAT8/KSkpGRkhMTcxCRkxAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD//////yH5BAEAAPgALAAAAABYARIA QAj/APEJHEiwoMGDCBMqXMiwocOHECNKnEixosWLGCEiQKCRo8YDIEHig2DxAD4LKD1avDDhgUuV GUOGbHBR5QGYFBG4fHAB58EKECJEwCfUYAWPFGAygLCRKQIIUKM6WAohKUGgCikcFWh1INWoYKVS 7SrQ41GbIhGYLAuVQVOoC+IyXUuUAkG1HE3KFDhAwkgJc5/qDZmxsOHDiBMrXsy4sePDGyP7lChT 5MULmDPnlDw5YmW6FTNrfgi0aNGEZPEtbfo2bNTUpYeeRph69dPWrqvCNFuBIGG1A59CYPAVQtwF cw0OxWdTIOiBCQAjaAB17fOFII8voGmRc+eOkilm/z9OvTtnjN4hYk1YoT3H2rnBOphPAB9skgq3 2lcaX/5YnJVt9BloAar12UEIRGCZdQghMABI1Tn32IQUVthYexhmqGGGMBHAgIfEhSiiiATAtOGJ GnYI4ogsEldicAYOGNJGZaml3Y0L3NTZUBz1xlB0PUoUI0jlVWRSVN89xBKSGB1YU1TMoRfVBEle hR9HQs1GEHxQ3RZZbveZthxt/LEmXHyp5XWABSCpaRJwbM13gAACPHVccgJFgF+NEhqUAEkQSCfc ddhVhh5dVTaEAEsTUNlkZUWKN9BNGDE6QU8OrSdbllzpxyVTTrU21Uj3scfhp7nNpyoDaTIEJ3P9 If8J2kbLNYegg9JRBwGhFvbq66+ZUiDssMQWK2yHxiZLrInKNotss8l+B5yBrr5p2UIJvortANoC 6+234IbLla/elRtZjeamh5CC3Sb0YLvixivvYkDFGlZqBNh7r4n6goVvv6/ZlCicN+kL71ALTnpQ dCIZp7CihkLA3UQmoWRBogyxtBPGCTnZncVR1rSTo5nuydC/Eo8kUH+lOoTyyvjoCuZu+PjYIKLD rZybtrM1d10C0QXKEVz48GrQkEeWdFJKlbb0UmEeV0SzyC6RvNB646LWIVjUNeC1zAFb+RDKXksM 9r531bwmpQW9+hQDDsx5pqwDRWBXcFES2hc+gEn/wJGdEEWdE6LoWcoxQweaTNmkhydkKaYMYY2Q p1unbLl/pPKbn3v7EZRvrKvqlja2ONvrtoIw9tn2g32/tQBlhtYkU+MNikZ7QYlPDPuMldpOmuJX nVo5VF3HjI+q89mteX5IDd/fVFClma5kiE4f2XUJhlz09gj2NbTDRifkmu7zXjR++RVJ/lPznuvr QH2iD6S+UewP9Dnon6d2NLwN8n90BB6hC68cFMCHoe+ACASP9c4DowUyEF0OPFcDI0ij/VXPaAKC UfhS95AKGoQ7IBRICI1HwhGaUIQoLGEKT6jCFrLwhSuMoQtlCMMZ2rCGOKShDm+4wxzy8Ic+DGIP B4cIRCKGMCAAOy== ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/frame.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A randomised control trial of Multisystemic Therapy (MST): ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/outline.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
 No= tes
Slide Show
Outline
= = = =
------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620 Content-Location: file:///C:/4A4AE0C8/Geoffrey_Baruch_files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C8334D.6D469620--